Country Study & A Country Guide

• COUNTRY PROFILE

  COUNTRY

  • GEOGRAPHY

  • SOCIETY

  • ECONOMY

  • TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS

  • GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS

  • NATIONAL SECURITY

• Introduction

• CHAPTER 1. Historical Setting

  ANCIENT ISRAEL

  • HELLENISM AND THE ROMAN CONQUEST

  • PALESTINE BETWEEN THE ROMANS AND MODERN TIMES

  • ORIGINS OF ZIONISM

    • Zionist Precursors

    • Political Zionism

    • Cultural Zionism

    • Labor Zionism

    • Revisionist Zionism

  • EVENTS IN PALESTINE, 1908-48

    • Arab Nationalism

    • World War I: Diplomacy and Intrigue

    • The Arab Community During the Mandate

    • The Jewish Community under the Mandate

    • The Palestinian Revolt, 1936-39

    • World War II and Zionism

    • The Holocaust

    • Prelude to Statehood

  • PROBLEMS OF THE NEW STATE, 1948-67

    • Etatism

    • Ingathering of the Exiles

    • Israeli Arabs, Arab Land, and Arab Refugees

    • The Emergence of the IDF

  • 1967 AND AFTERWARD

    • The War of Attrition

    • The October 1973 War

    • The Decline of the Labor Party

    • Oriental Jews

  • THE BEGIN ERA

    • The Peace Process

    • The Occupied Territories

    • Israeli Action in Lebanon, 1978-82

• CHAPTER 2. The Society and Its Environment

  • GEOGRAPHY

  • • Topography

    • Climate

  • POPULATION

  • SOCIAL STRUCTURE

    • Varieties of Israeli Judaism

    • • Orthodox Judaism

      • Non-Orthodox Judaism

    • The Role of Judaism

      • Judaism, Civil Religion, and the "New Zionism"

      • Religious Institutions

      • The "Who Is a Jew?" Controversy

      • The Orthodox-Secular Cleavage

    • Jewish Ethnic Groups

      • The Ashkenazi-Oriental Distinction

      • The Second Israel

      • Ethnicity and Social Class

    • Minority Groups

      • The Druzes

      • The Arab-Jewish Cleavage

    • Distinctive Social Institutions

      • The Histadrut

      • Kibbutz and Moshav

      • The Ulpan and Merkaz Klita

  • EDUCATION

    • Higher Education

    • Youth Movements and Organizations

  • HEALTH

  • WELFARE

• CHAPTER 3. The Economy

  • OVERVIEW OF THE 1948-72 PERIOD

  • ECONOMIC GROWTH AND STRUCTURAL CHANGE

    • Slowdown of Economic Growth

    • Changes in Investment Patterns

    • Changes in Industrial Structure

    • Changes in Labor Force

  • THE PUBLIC SECTOR

    • Government Budget

    • Provision of Civilian Services

    • Provision of Defense Services

    • Taxation

  • INDUSTRY

    • Electronics

    • Biotechnology

    • Diamonds

    • Chemicals, Rubber, and Plastics

    • Clothing and Textiles

    • Construction

    • Tourism

    • Energy

  • AGRICULTURE

  • FINANCIAL SERVICES

  • TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS

  • FOREIGN TRADE

  • BALANCE OF PAYMENTS

  • THE ECONOMIC STABILIZATION PROGRAM OF JULY 1985

• CHAPTER 4. Government and Politics

  • THE CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

  • GOVERNMENT

    • The President

    • The Cabinet

    • The Civil Service

    • The Knesset

    • The State Comptroller

    • The Judicial System

    • Local Government

    • Civilian Administration in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip

  • NATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

    • World Zionist Organization and the Jewish Agency

    • Histadrut

  • POLITICAL FRAMEWORK: ELITE, VALUES, AND ORIENTATIONS

  • MULTIPARTY SYSTEM

    • Alignment Parties

    • • Labor Party

      • Mapam

      • Citizens' Rights Movement (CRM)

      • Shinui (Change)

    • The Likud Bloc

    • Religious Parties

      • National Religious Party

      • Agudat Israel

      • Shas

      • Central Religious Camp

    • Right-Wing Ultranationalist Parties

    • Extraparliamentary Religio-Nationalist Movements

    • Arab Parties

    • Interest Groups

  • PROSPECTS FOR ELECTORAL REFORM

  • CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS

  • FOREIGN RELATIONS

    • Relations with Middle Eastern States

    • • Egypt

      • Jordan

      • Morocco

      • Iran

    • Relations with the United States

    • Relations with the Soviet Union

    • Relations with Eastern Europe

    • Relations with Western Europe

    • Relations with African States

    • Relations with Asian States

    • Relations with Latin America

  • COMMUNICATIONS MEDIA

• CHAPTER 5. National Security

  • SECURITY: A PERSISTENT NATIONAL CONCERN

  • • Historical Background

    • War of Independence

    • 1956 War

    • June 1967 War

    • October 1973 War

    • 1982 Invasion of Lebanon

    • The Siege of Beirut and Its Aftermath

  • CONCEPTS OF NATIONAL SECURITY

    • Dormant War

    • Extensive Threat

    • Strategic Depth

    • Potential Causes of War

    • Nuclear and Conventional Deterrents

    • Autonomy

  • INTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC SECURITY CONCERNS

    • The Arab Military Threat

    • Palestinian Terrorist Groups

    • Jewish Terrorist Organizations

  • THE ISRAEL DEFENSE FORCES

    • Command Structure

    • Ground Forces

    • Navy

    • Air Force

    • Nahal

    • Gadna

    • Conscription

    • Women in the IDF

    • Reserve Duty

    • Training

    • Minorities in the IDF

    • Pay and Benefits

    • Rank, Insignia, and Uniforms

    • Awards and Decorations

    • Discipline and Military Justice

  • THE IDF IN THE OCCUPIED TERRITORIES

    • Military Government

    • Palestinian Uprising, December 1987-

  • ARMED FORCES AND SOCIETY

    • Economic Impact

    • The IDF as a Socializing Factor

    • The Military in Political Life

  • DEFENSE PRODUCTION AND SALES

    • Defense Industries

    • Nuclear Weapons Potential

    • Foreign Military Sales and Assistance

  • MILITARY COOPERATION WITH THE UNITED STATES

  • THE ISRAEL POLICE

    • Subordinate Forces

    • Police Reform

  • INTELLIGENCE SERVICES

    • Mossad

    • Aman

    • Shin Bet

    • Lekem

  • CRIMINAL JUSTICE

    • Judicial System

    • Criminal Justice in the Occupied Territories

    • Penal System

• Appendices

• • Appendix A. Tables

  • Appendix B. Political Parties and Organizations

• Glossary

Israel - TABLE OF CONTENTS