| Economy - overview: |
Indonesia, a vast polyglot nation, faces severe economic problems, stemming from secessionist movements and the low level of security in the regions, the lack of reliable legal recourse in contract disputes, corruption, weaknesses in the banking system, and strained relations with the IMF. Investor confidence will remain low and few new jobs will be created under these circumstances. Growth of 4.8% in 2000 is not sustainable, being attributable to favorable short-term factors, including high world oil prices, a surge in nonoil exports, and increased domestic demand for consumer durables.
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| GDP: |
purchasing power parity - $654 billion (2000 est.)
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| GDP - real growth rate: |
4.8% (2000 est.)
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| GDP - per capita: |
purchasing power parity - $2,900 (2000 est.)
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| GDP - composition by sector: |
agriculture:
21%
industry:
35%
services:
44% (1999 est.)
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| Population below poverty line: |
20% (1998)
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| Household income or consumption by percentage share: |
lowest 10%:
3.6%
highest 10%:
30.3% (1996)
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| Inflation rate (consumer prices): |
9% (2000 est.)
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| Labor force: |
99 million (1999)
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| Labor force - by occupation: |
agriculture 45%, industry 16%, services 39% (1999 est.)
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| Unemployment rate: |
15%-20% (1998 est.)
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| Budget: |
revenues:
$26 billion
expenditures:
$30 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
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| Industries: |
petroleum and natural gas; textiles, apparel, and footwear; mining, cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood; rubber; food; tourism
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| Industrial production growth rate: |
7.5% (2000 est.)
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| Electricity - production: |
78.674 billion kWh (1999)
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| Electricity - production by source: |
fossil fuel:
80.36%
hydro:
14.63%
nuclear:
0%
other:
5.01% (1999)
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| Electricity - consumption: |
73.167 billion kWh (1999)
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| Electricity - exports: |
0 kWh (1999)
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| Electricity - imports: |
0 kWh (1999)
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| Agriculture - products: |
rice, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, copra; poultry, beef, pork, eggs
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| Exports: |
$64.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
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| Exports - commodities: |
oil and gas, plywood, textiles, rubber
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| Exports - partners: |
Japan 21%, US 14%, Singapore 10%, South Korea 7%, Netherlands 3%, Australia 3%, Hong Kong, China, Taiwan (1999 est.)
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| Imports: |
$40.4 billion (c.i.f., 2000 est.)
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| Imports - commodities: |
machinery and equipment; chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs
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| Imports - partners: |
Japan 12%, US 12%, Singapore 10%, Germany 6%, Australia 6%, South Korea 6%, Taiwan, China (1999 est.)
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| Debt - external: |
$144 billion (2000 est.)
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| Economic aid - recipient: |
$43 billion from IMF program and other official external financing (1997-2000)
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| Currency: |
Indonesian rupiah (IDR)
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| Exchange rates: |
Indonesian rupiahs per US dollar - 10,000 (January 2001), 8,421.8 (2000), 7,855.2 (1999), 10,013.6 (1998), 2,909.4 (1997), 2,342.3 (1996)
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| Fiscal year: |
calendar year; note - previously was 1 April - 31 March, but starting with 2001, has been changed to calendar year
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